October through April offers comfortable temperatures - you'll actually want to be outside. May to September can be intensely hot (often above 35°C), though that's when fewer crowds visit. If Red Sea swimming or boat trips appeal to you, the water's warmest (and clearest) in summer months despite the heat.

The multi-day highland tours (Jeddah-Taif-Al Baha-Abha routes) fill up weeks ahead, especially if you want private options. Day tours around the city and Red Sea cruises are more flexible - a few days' notice usually works. Check before you go, especially during school holidays or weekends.

The old town (Balad) is walkable if you like wandering on your own, but a guide really helps you understand what you're seeing and access spots tourists often miss. For exploring the wider city or reaching Taif and the highlands, a private car tour or driver is practical - traffic can be heavy and signage varies.

Yes, if you want flexibility or have specific interests. Private tours let you skip the rigid schedule of group excursions and often include a driver who knows the best stops. Half-day boat trips and heritage walks offer good value if you prefer groups and want to keep it simple.

Jeddah is more relaxed than inland cities, but modest clothing (covering shoulders and knees) shows respect, particularly in Balad and older neighborhoods. Women aren't required to wear an abaya, though many visitors choose lightweight scarves for comfort and cultural sensitivity. Beachwear is fine at beach clubs and on cruises.

Absolutely. Island cruises and Red Sea boat trips are huge with families. Multi-day highland tours work well for older kids who can handle mountain drives and cooler temperatures. Check itineraries before booking - some include activities better suited to adults.

Day heritage tours usually cover a guide, transportation, and sometimes lunch; Red Sea cruises include the boat and often snorkeling or swimming time; multi-day highland tours include accommodation, meals, and a driver-guide. Always confirm what's covered before booking, especially regarding meals and entrance fees.