Kizil Kala was originally constructed in the Late Antique period, 1st to 4th centuries CE, but was abandoned and then rebuilt in the 12th-13th centuries on the eve of the Mongol invasions.
Ayaz kala is the one of the most spectacular fortresses in the area. There are in fact, not one but three fortresses clustered together on and around a prominent hill at the Eastern end of the Sultan-Uiz-dahg range. The fortress provided defense against nomad raids. A gravel road leads up to a small cluster of Yurts, a tourist rest center overlooking a shallow but picturesque lake. The Fort dates to medieval times. It was probable founded in the Afrighid period, sometime around the 7th to 8th Centuries CE…
and 3), believed to have been built between the 4th century BCE and the 7th century CE. These fortresses were part of the ancient civilization of Khorezm, which played a key role along early Silk Road routes
Unlike Ayaz Kala (which was mainly defensive), Toprak Kala served as a royal residence and administrative center of the Khorezmian rulers.
It dates to the 1st–4th century CE and served as a fortified residence or defensive structure connected to nearby Toprak Kala.
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